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All patients (N = 1402)
No inducible ischemia (N = 988)
Inducible ischemia (N = 414)
p value
Age, years
69.5 ± 11.0
68.5 ± 10.7
72.0 ± 11.3
< 0.001
Males, n (%)
935 (66.7)
641 (64.9)
294 (71.0)
0.031
Body mass index, kg/m2
28.6 ± 6.3
28.8 ± 6.5
28.4 ± 5.8
0.288
Body surface index, m2
2.0 ± 0.3
2.0 ± 0.3
2.0 ± 0.2
0.056
Coronary risk factors, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus
459 (32.7)
297 (30.1)
162 (39.1)
0.001
Hypertension
807 (57.6)
542 (54.9)
265 (64.0)
0.002
Obesitya
431 (30.7)
313 (31.7)
118 (28.5)
0.266
Dyslipidemia
819 (58.4)
554 (56.1)
265 (64.0)
0.007
Smoking
336 (24.0)
248 (25.1)
88 (21.3)
0.142
Family history of CAD
391 (27.9)
268 (27.1)
123 (29.7)
0.358
Medical history of CVD, n (%)
Known CAD
727 (51.9)
516 (52.2)
211 (51.0)
0.71
History of PCI
442 (31.5)
336 (34.0)
106 (25.6)
0.002
History of CABG
445 (31.7)
277 (28.0)
168 (40.6)
< 0.001
Known MI
340 (24.3)
246 (24.9)
94 (22.7)
0.42
Peripheral atheroma
158 (11.3)
72 (7.3)
86 (20.8)
< 0.001
Ischemic stroke
54 (3.9)
39 (3.9)
15 (3.6)
0.892
Pacemaker
7 (0.5)
4 (0.4)
3 (0.7)
0.428
Renal failureb
20 (1.4)
14 (1.4)
6 (1.4)
1.000
History of hospitalization for HF
52 (3.7)
42 (4.3)
10 (2.4)
0.133
Symptoms, n (%)
Symptomatic angina
706 (50.4)
415 (42.0)
291 (70.3)
< 0.001
Dyspnea
211 (15.0)
158 (16.0)
53 (12.8)
0.149
High cardiovascular riskc
808 (57.6)
519 (52.5)
289 (69.8)
< 0.001
Ten-year risk for fatal CADd , %
2.5 (1.2–5.9)
2.1 (0.8–5.3)
3.3 (1.5–6.4)
< 0.001
Indications to stress CMR, n (%)
Inconclusive stress echocardiography
702 (50.1)
500 (50.6)
202 (48.8)
0.165
Inconclusive SPECT
612 (43.7)
438 (44.3)
174 (42.0)
0.159
Inconclusive exercise ECG testing
88 (6.3)
66 (6.7)
22 (5.3)
0.512
Cardiac rhythm, n (%)
Sinus rhythm
1155 (82.4)
821 (83.1)
334 (80.7)
0.177
Atrial fibrillation/supraventricular arrhythmias
247 (17.6)
217 (22.0)
30 (7.2)
< 0.001
LV ejection fraction, %
50.4 ± 12.1
50.1 ± 11.9
51.2 ± 12.5
0.007
LV end-diastolic volume index, ml/m2
93.3 ± 31.2
94.8 ± 31.6
89.6 ± 30.1
0.004
LV end-systolic volume index, ml/m2
51.2 ± 26.1
52.5 ± 26.1
48.1 ± 26.0
0.004
LV mass, g/m2
73.9 ± 9.8
72.2 ± 9.8
78.7 ± 9.7
< 0.001
RV ejection fraction, %
63.6 ± 10.5
63.6 ± 10.5
63.5 ± 10.6
0.771
Presence of LGE, n (%)
556 (39.7)
422 (42.7)
134 (32.4)
< 0.001
Presence of viability if LGE, n (%)e
178 (12.7)
117 (11.8)
61 (14.7)
0.163
Number of LGE segments if LGE
0.9 ± 1.3
1.0 ± 1.3
0.8 ± 1.4
0.09
Number of ischemic segments
0.7 ± 1.2
0.0 ± 0.0
2.3 ± 1.2
< 0.001
RPP at baseline, mmHg/beats/min
9.1 (7.5–10.1)
9.1 (7.5–10.1)
9.2 (7.6–10.4)
0.533
RPP at stress, mmHg/beats/min
10.8 (10.4–12.7)
10.8 (10.4–12.7)
11.4 (9.9–14.5)
0.175
CMR-related coronary revascularizationb , n (%)
323 (23.0)
0 (0)
323 (78.0)
< 0.001
By PCI
317 (22.6)
0 (0)
317 (76.6)
< 0.001
By CABG
6 (0.4)
0 (0)
6 (1.4)
0.004
Bold empasis means that the P value has reached statistical significance, with 2-tailed P value < 0.05
Values are n (%), mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range)
BMI body mass index, CABG coronary artery bypass graft, CAD coronary artery disease, CMR cardiovascular magnetic resonance, CVD cardiovascular disease, ECG electrocardiogram, HF heart failure, LGE late gadolinium enhancement, LV left ventricle, MI myocardial infarction, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, RPP rate-pressure product (pressure mmHg × Heart rate bpm)/1000, SD standard deviationa Defined by BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 b Defined by glomerular filtration rate < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 c Defined by Framingham Risk Score > 20% of risk of CAD at 10 yearsd Based on a modified SCORE project (https://www.escardio.org/Education/Practice-Tools/CVD-prevention-toolbox/SCORE-Risk-Charts ) that did not take into account the total cholesterol level [22 , 23 ]e Defined by the presence of LGE with < 50% transmurality
